chondrogenic differentiation medium  (PromoCell)

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Hepatocyte growth factor in biosheets promotes autonomous regeneration of cutaneous tissue after transplantation onto a full-thickness skin defect

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102969

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of surface markers and multipotency of stromal cells in biosheets (A) Representative flow cytometry profiles of cells isolated from 2w-biosheets and identification of a population of quadruple-positive cells (P7). (B) The ratio of quadruple-positive cells (P7) to stromal cells (P5) in the biosheets and fascia. (C-E) Representative images of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Alizarin red staining (C), oil red staining (D), Toluidine blue (TB) staining and Safranine O (SO) staining (E) of stromal cells isolated from biosheets and subjected to osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. (F-H) Expression levels of osteogenic (F), adipogenic (G), and chondrogenic (H) marker genes. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: The cells formed pellets after 3 days of culture, and the medium was replaced with MSC Chondrogenic Differentiation Medium (C-28012, PromoCell).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Isolation, Staining, Expressing, Marker

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Kartogenin-loaded chitosan composite scaffold with cartilage-mimetic microstructure for layered osteochondral repair and cartilage phenotype maintenance

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102727

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro chondrogenic activity and cartilage matrix formation in CSK@P100, CSK@P200, CSK@P300, and CSK@P/H100 groups. (A) Safranin O staining after 24 days of culture on CSK@P100, CSK@P200, CSK@P300, and CSK@P/H100 surfaces. (B) Alcian Blue staining at the bottom of culture plates after 24 days of co-culture with CSK@P100, CSK@P200, CSK@P300, and CSK@P/H100. (C–E) mRNA expression levels of Prg4 , Col2a1 , and Col10a1 after 7 and 14 days of chondrogenic induction. (n = 3, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: The cell-scaffold constructs were cultured in rBMSC chondrogenic differentiation medium (Solarbio, Beijing, China) for 24 days.

Techniques: In Vitro, Activity Assay, Staining, Co-Culture Assay, Expressing

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Kartogenin-loaded chitosan composite scaffold with cartilage-mimetic microstructure for layered osteochondral repair and cartilage phenotype maintenance

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102727

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of chondrogenic and ossification of the superficial layer by IF staining and RT-qPCR analysis of different groups after 12 weeks of surgery. (A) IF staining of Collagen II (red). (B) IF staining of Collagen X (red). (C) Semi-quantitative analysis of fluorescence intensity. (D) Quantitative RT-qPCR analysis of Prg4 and Col10a1 gene expression in newly formed cartilage layer. (n = 3, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001, scale bars: 50 μm).

Article Snippet: The cell-scaffold constructs were cultured in rBMSC chondrogenic differentiation medium (Solarbio, Beijing, China) for 24 days.

Techniques: Staining, Quantitative RT-PCR, Fluorescence, Gene Expression

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: Meniscus progenitor cells combined with joint lavage promote meniscus regeneration and cartilage protection in rat models

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1724656

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-1β suppresses the chondrogenic differentiation and migration of MPCs. Untreated and IL-1β-treated MPCs were subjected to (A,D) osteogenic, (B,E) adipogenic, and (C,F) chondrogenic differentiation assays. IL-1β enhanced osteogenic differentiation but markedly inhibited chondrogenic matrix formation. (G) Representative scratch assay images showing reduced cell migration following IL-1β treatment. (H) Quantification of wound healing rates confirms significantly impaired migratory capacity. Scale bar: 200 μm. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: After 21 days of differentiation, lipid droplets were visualized by staining with Oil Red O solution (Procell) for 30 min. To assess the chondrogenic potential of the cells, untreated and IL-1β-treated MPCs (4 × 10 5 cells) were pelleted by centrifugation (250 × g for 5 min) and cultured in chondrogenic differentiation medium (Procell, PD-015) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Migration, Wound Healing Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: Meniscus progenitor cells combined with joint lavage promote meniscus regeneration and cartilage protection in rat models

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1724656

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-1β alters the gene expression profile of MPCs. (A) Flow cytometry analysis shows representative expression patterns of stem/progenitor surface markers in MPCs. Quantitative real-time PCR reveals significant downregulation of chondrogenic genes (B–E) and upregulation of inflammatory genes (F–J) following IL-1β exposure. ns: not significant, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: After 21 days of differentiation, lipid droplets were visualized by staining with Oil Red O solution (Procell) for 30 min. To assess the chondrogenic potential of the cells, untreated and IL-1β-treated MPCs (4 × 10 5 cells) were pelleted by centrifugation (250 × g for 5 min) and cultured in chondrogenic differentiation medium (Procell, PD-015) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: EXO/hydrogel system for sequential regulation of endogenous hyaline cartilage regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102598

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of the Gel-C-E H + E K hydrogel on the differentiation and migration capacity of BMSCs. (A) Expression changes of chondrogenic-related proteins in BMSCs chondrogenically induced on different hydrogels for 21 days. (B) Expression changes of chondrogenic-related genes in BMSCs chondrogenically induced on different hydrogels for 21 days. (C) Scratch wound healing images of BMSCs in different hydrogels at 24 h. (D) Analysis of scratch wound healing results of BMSCs in different hydrogels at 24 h. (E) Analysis of Transwell migration results of BMSCs in different hydrogels at 24 h. (F) Transwell migration images of BMSCs in different hydrogels at 24 h. (G) Alcian blue staining of BMSCs after 21 days of chondrogenic induction on different hydrogels. (H) Histological staining (H&E, Alcian blue, Toluidine blue) of BMSCs spheroids cultured in different hydrogels. Data are presented as mean ± SD, ns = not significant, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: To evaluate chondrogenic differentiation under different conditions, the cells were divided into the following groups: Control group (Ctrl): cultured in α-MEM basal medium; Standard chondrogenic induction group (CM): induced with chondrogenic differentiation medium (G417, Servicebio); Hydrogel group (Gel-C-E H + E K ): cultured in α-MEM basal medium supplemented with the Gel-C-E H + E K hydrogel system.

Techniques: Migration, Expressing, Staining, Cell Culture

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: EXO/hydrogel system for sequential regulation of endogenous hyaline cartilage regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102598

Figure Lengend Snippet: Positive effect of the Gel-C-E H + E K hydrogel on maintaining the stable chondrocytic phenotype. (A) IF observation of COL1 and COL2 expression in RCs seeded in different hydrogels under stimulation with 50 ng/mL IL-1β. (B) Quantification of COL2 fluorescence intensity from immunofluorescence images. (C) Quantification of COL1 fluorescence intensity from immunofluorescence images. (D) Expression levels of chondrogenic marker proteins in RCs seeded in different hydrogels under normal culture conditions (without inflammatory stimulation). (E) Changes in chondrogenic marker protein expression levels in chondrocytes seeded in different hydrogels under inflammatory stimulation. (F) Gene expression of chondrogenesis markers in chondrocytes seeded in different hydrogels under normal culture and inflammatory stimulation conditions. (G) DCFH-DA fluorescence staining for assessing the ROS scavenging effects of different hydrogels in RCs. (H) Fluorescence images of ROS levels in different hydrogels after DCFH-DA staining. (I) Flow cytometry assessment of ROS levels in RCs exposed to different hydrogels, evaluating ROS scavenging efficiency. (J) Flow cytometry analysis of ROS levels in RCs exposed to different hydrogels. Data are presented as mean ± SD, ns = not significant, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: To evaluate chondrogenic differentiation under different conditions, the cells were divided into the following groups: Control group (Ctrl): cultured in α-MEM basal medium; Standard chondrogenic induction group (CM): induced with chondrogenic differentiation medium (G417, Servicebio); Hydrogel group (Gel-C-E H + E K ): cultured in α-MEM basal medium supplemented with the Gel-C-E H + E K hydrogel system.

Techniques: Expressing, Fluorescence, Immunofluorescence, Marker, Gene Expression, Staining, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: EXO/hydrogel system for sequential regulation of endogenous hyaline cartilage regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102598

Figure Lengend Snippet: Exploration of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of the Gel-C-E H + E K hydrogel system. (A) Release levels of inflammatory cytokines under normal and inflammatory conditions, measured by Elisa. (B) Influence of HF and KGN on the gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines under normal and inflammatory conditions. (C) Gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines under normal and inflammatory conditions. (D) Influence of HF and KGN on the expression levels of chondrogenic marker proteins under normal and inflammatory conditions. (E) WB images validating the affinity between HF and cGAS using CETSA. (F) Thermal shift images validating the affinity between HF and cGAS using CETSA. (G) Positive influence of HF on chondrogenic marker protein expression under inflammatory conditions. (H) Co-IP further confirms the binding affinity between HF and cGAS. (I) Downstream signaling cascade following HF-cGAS binding. (J) Schematic diagram illustrating the immunomodulatory mechanism of HF via binding to cGAS. Data are presented as mean ± SD, ns = not significant, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: To evaluate chondrogenic differentiation under different conditions, the cells were divided into the following groups: Control group (Ctrl): cultured in α-MEM basal medium; Standard chondrogenic induction group (CM): induced with chondrogenic differentiation medium (G417, Servicebio); Hydrogel group (Gel-C-E H + E K ): cultured in α-MEM basal medium supplemented with the Gel-C-E H + E K hydrogel system.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Gene Expression, Expressing, Marker, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Binding Assay